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طراحی و ارزیابی اپلیکیشن سلامت همراه در خودمدیریتی اختلال استرس پس از سانحه Design and Evaluation of an mHealth Application in Self-Management of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 1 1 مقدمه: پیشرفت‌های اخیر در حوزه تجهیزات همراه، فرصت‌های مناسبی در راستای ارائه خدمات مؤثرتر و کم هزینه‌تر برای افراد مبتلا به بیماری‌های مزمن ارائه داده است. با توجه به شیوع نسبتاً بالای اختلال استرس پس از سانحه (PTSD) در ایران و عدم وجود اپلیکیشن بومی در خودمدیریتی عوارض متعدد این اختلال، در پژوهش حاضر به طراحی و ارزیابی اپلیکیشن سلامت همراه در خودمدیریتی PTSD پرداخته شد. روش: این مطالعه کاربردی- توسعه‌ای در دو مرحله صورت پذیرفت. در مرحله اول، پس از بررسی متون، نیازها و انتظارات اپلیکیشن شناسایی شد. سپس بر اساس نیاز‌های شناسایی شده، اپلیکیشن مدل‌سازی، طراحی و سپس با استفاده از زبان‌های برنامه نویسی جاوا و کاتلین تولید و آزمایش شد. در مرحله دوم، کاربردپذیری اپلیکیشن تولید شده توسط متخصصین و کاربران مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج: سرویس‌های ارائه شده در اپلیکیشن عبارت‌اند از: ارائه آموزش روانی، مهارت‌های مقابله­ای، تمرین تنفسی، آرامش‌بخشی، تأثیر گذاری مثبت، حمایت‌های اجتماعی، خودارزیابی، ارائه یادآور، پیوند‌های مفید و خود نظارتی. از دید متخصصین، اپلیکیشن از کیفیت قابل قبول (78/25%) و از دیدگاه کاربران نسبتاً قابل قبول بود (68/67%). متخصصین در فرآیند ارزیابی، بیشترین رضایت را از عملکرد اپلیکیشن ( 80%) و کاربران بیشترین رضایت را از سهولت استفاده از اپلیکیشن (76%) داشنتند. نتیجه‌گیری: به کارگیری اپلیکیشن می‌تواند در ارتقای دسترسی مبتلایان PTSD به خدمات مراقبت بهداشتی مفید واقع شده و ضمن صرفه‌جویی در زمان و هزینه‌ها، در خودمدیریتی این اختلال مؤثر باشد. 2 Introduction: Recent developments in the use of mobile technologies have given rise to opportunities for more effective and cost-efficient services for people with chronic diseases. Considering the relatively high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Iran and the lack of a native application for the self-management of many complications of this disorder, the present study aims to develop and evaluate a mobile application for PTSD self-management. Method: This developmental-applied study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, interviews and a literature review were carried out to identify users’ requirements and expectations of the application. Then, the application was modeled, designed, developed, and tested based on the requirements. In the second stage, the usability of developed application was evaluated by experts and users. Results: The following services were implemented in the application: psychoeducation, coping skills, breathing exercise, relaxation, positive affect, social support, self-assessment, reminders, useful links, and self-monitoring. According to experts’ evaluation, the application was of acceptable quality (78.25%). The application was relatively acceptable from the users’ point of view (68.67%). In the evaluation process, experts were most satisfied with the functionality of the application (80 %), and users were most satisfied with the application’s ease of use (76%). Conclusion: Using the application can be useful in promoting access to healthcare services for patients with PTSD, and in addition to saving time and costs, it can be effective in the self-management of this disorder. 196 208 2022/11/25 1401/9/4 2023/01/28 1401/11/8 سید سامان مرتضایی Saman Mortezaei کارشناس ارشد انفورماتیک پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم و فناوری‌های زیستی و سلامت پلیس، معاونت بهداشت، امداد و درمان، فرماندهی انتظامی، تهران، ایران ایران kianm313@gmail.com سجاد خانجانی Sajjad Khanjani دکترای روانشناسی بالینی، مرکز تحقیقات علوم و فناوری‌های زیستی و سلامت پلیس، معاونت بهداشت، امداد و درمان، فرماندهی انتظامی، تهران، ایران ایران khanjanis23@yahoo.com عیسی محمدنژاد Eissa Mohammadnejad کارشناس ارشد مهندسی نرمافزار، دانشکده علوم مکانیک، برق و کامپیوتر، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران eissa1471@gmail.com پویا مکاری امجد Pouya Mokari Amjad دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران ایران pouya.moam@gmail.com Post-traumatic stress disorder mHealth Self-Management Usability Medical Informatics اختلال استرس پس از سانحه سلامت همراه خودمدیریتی کاربردپذیری انفورماتیک پزشکی 1. 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توسعه مدل فارماکوژنومیکس مبتنی بر رگرسیون بردار پشتیبان با رویکرد انتخاب ویژگی‌های بهینه جهت تعیین دوز اولیه درمانی داروی ضد انعقادی وارفارین Development of a Pharmacogenomics Model based on Support Vector Regression with Optimal Features Selection Approach to Determine the Initial Therapeutic Dose of Warfarin Anticoagulant Drug 1 1 مقدمه: فارماکوژنومیکس و استفاده از ابزارهای هوش مصنوعی در آن یکی از جدیدترین زمینه‌های تحقیقاتی بیوانفورماتیک است. یکی از داروهای بسیار مهم که تعیین دوز اولیه درمانی آن کار مشکلی است، داروی ضدانعقادی وارفارین می‌باشد. وارفارین یک داروی ضد انعقاد خوراکی است که انتخاب دوز بهینه آن به دلیل پنجره درمانی باریک و روابط پیچیده فاکتورهای فردی، چالش برانگیز است. هدف این پژوهش تعیین دوز اولیه بهینه می­باشد. روش: در میان روش‌های مبتنی بر کرنل، مقایسه و شناسایی کرنل مناسب مورد بحث قرار نگرفته است. در این پژوهش ضمن بررسی دقیق این رویکرد، الگوریتم‌های مختلف انتخاب ویژگی را مورد آنالیز قرار داده و با تکیه به نظر خبرگان، زیرمجموعه مناسب از متغیرهای پیش‌بین مؤثر جهت تخمین دوز شناسایی خواهد شد. نتایج: در این مطالعه از مجموعه داده‌ای جمع‌آوری شده توسط کنسرسیوم بین‌المللی وارفارین استفاده  شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که ماشین بردار پشتیبان با کرنل مناسب و زیرمجموعه ویژگی‌های پیشنهادی قادر است به طور موفقیت‌آمیزی دوز ایده‌آل وارفارین را برای درصد قابل توجهی از بیماران با خطایی حدود 0/7 میلی‌گرم در هفته پیش‌بینی کند. نتیجه‌گیری: تخمین با نسخه حداقل مربعات رگرسیون بردار پشتیبان مبتنی بر کرنل مناسب و با یک استراتژی مناسب انتخاب ویژگی صورت گرفت. در این روش، رویکرد بهتری برای پیش‌بینی دوز بهینه درمانی وارفارین ارائه شده است که قادر است خطای دوزهای اشتباه و عواقب ناشی از آن را به طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای کاهش دهد. 2 Introduction: Using artificial intelligence tools in pharmacogenomics is one of the latest bioinformatics research fields. One of the most important drugs that determining its initial therapeutic dose is difficult is the anticoagulant warfarin. Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that, due to its narrow therapeutic window and complex interrelationships of individual factors, the selection of its optimal dose is challenging. Method: Among the relatively successful methods of kernel-based estimation, comparison and identification of suitable kernels have not been researched. In the present research, while carefully examining this approach, different features of selection algorithms were analyzed based on expert opinions, and an appropriate subset of efficient predictor variables was identified for dose estimation. Results: In the current study, a dataset collected by the International Warfarin Consortium was used. The results showed that the support vector machine with a suitable kernel and a subset of the proposed features can successfully predict the ideal dose of warfarin for a significant percentage of patients with an error of approximately 0.7 mg per week. Conclusion: The estimation was conducted using the least squares version of the support vector regression based on a suitable kernel and feature selection strategy. In this method, a better approach for predicting the optimal therapeutic dose of warfarin was presented, which can significantly reduce the wrong dose error and its consequences. 209 229 2022/11/252022/09/8 1401/6/17 2023/01/282022/12/21 1401/9/30 روح الله مقصودی Rouhollah Maghsoudi دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی کامپیوتر، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران rcemaghsoudy@gmail.com میترا میرزارضایی Mitra Mirzarezaee استادیار، گروه مهندسی کامپیوتر، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران mirzarezaee@srbiau.ac.ir مهدی صادقی Mehdi Sadeghi دانشیار، پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک و زیست فناوری، تهران، ایران ایران mehdisadeghi42@gmail.com بابک نجار اعرابی Babak Najar-Araabi استاد تمام، دانشکده مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشکدگان فنی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران ایران arrabi@ut.ac.ir Pharmacogenomics Initial Warfarin Dose Estimation Feature Selection Least Squares Support Vector Regression فارماکوژنومیکس تخمین دوز اولیه وارفارین انتخاب ویژگی رگرسیون بردار پشتیبان حداقل مربعات 1. 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طراحی و پیاده‌سازی سامانه مدیریت پژوهش‌های مروری در حوزه پزشکی و سلامت Design and Implementation of a Review Management System in the Field of Medicine and Health 1 1 مقدمه: رشد روز‌افزون علوم و به تبع آن پژوهش‌های تخصصی حوزه بهداشت و درمان، پژوهشگران را با مشکل عدم تسلط بر مدیریت مطالعات مواجه نموده است. پژوهش‌های مروری ، برای پژوهشگر‌ان این امکان را فراهم می‌آورد که با صرف زمان و هزینه پایین‌تر به حجم قابل قبول و دسته‌بندی شده‌ای از اطلاعات دسترسی پیدا کرده و بتوانند به مغز اصلی پژوهش‌ها دست یابند. نگارش این پژوهش‌ها کار بسیار دشواری است، زیرا نیازمند دانش عمیق در حوزه خاص و همچنین بررسی تعداد بالای مطالعات برای یافتن و تجمیع اطلاعات مناسب است. هدف این مطالعه طراحی و پیاده‎سازی سامانه مدیریت بانک اطلاعاتی پژوهش‌های مروری در حوزه پزشکی و سلامت می‎باشد. روش: این مطالعه کاربردی در سال ۱۴۰۱ با توسعه یک سامانه نرم‌افزاری انجام شده است. طراحی و پیاده‌سازی این سامانه در 3 مرحله ۱) تجزیه و تحلیل ۲) طراحی و پیاده‌سازی ۳) آزمایش و رفع مشکل (پیاده‌سازی نمونه موردی) صورت گرفته شده است. این سامانه با استفاده از فریم‌ورک‌های مبتنی بر JavaScript، Angular در سمت Front-End و نیز Node.JS در سمت Back-End پیاده‌سازی شده است. در مرحله نهایی سامانه با آزمایش یک پژوهش واقعی آزمون شده و نواقص و مشکلات مرتفع گردید. نتایج: در فرآیند آزمون سامانه این نتیجه حاصل شد که این سامانه می‌توان دقت در فرآیند مربوط به ورود اطلاعات را بسیار افزایش دهد و همچنین تحلیل نتایج را برخط و با سرعت و دقت بالایی انجام داد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تحلیل حاضر می‌تواند به سیاستگذاران جهت قانونگذاری مناسب و به مدیران کسب‌وکارها جهت رفع مشکلات شناسایی شده و افزایش اعتماد و رضایت کاربران کمک نماید. 2 Introduction: The increasing growth of science and specialized articles in various fields, especially in health and treatment, has faced researchers with the challenge of keeping up with this progress. Review research provides researchers with the possibility to gain access to an acceptable and categorized amount of information by spending less time and money and helps them reach the original essence of the research. However, carrying out such research is very difficult because it requires deep knowledge of the specific field as well as reviewing several studies to find and gather appropriate information. By developing a system, we intended to help researchers in the process of categorizing, extracting, and aggregating data and findings. This study aimed to design and implement a database management system to review studies in the field of medicine and health. Method: This practical study was done in 2022, and associated with software development. The system was developed in three stages as follows: 1) analysis, 2) implementation, and 3) testing and troubleshooting. This system is implemented using the frameworks based on JavaScript, Angular on the front-end side and Node JS on the back-end side. In the final stage, the system was tested using actual research, and possible defects and problems were detected and solved; finally, the system was handed over to the research team to conduct new research. Results: In the process of testing the system, we found that by using this system, the accuracy of the information entry process can be greatly increased, and the analysis of the results can be done online with high speed and accuracy. Conclusion: The results of the present analysis can help policy makers for appropriate legislation and business managers to solve identified problems and increase user trust and satisfaction. 230 243 2022/11/252022/09/82023/01/17 1401/10/27 2023/01/282022/12/212023/02/13 1401/11/24 مهران مدرس تربتی Mehran Modares Torbati کارشناسی ارشد انفورماتیک پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات آسیب‌های شیمیایی، انستیتو سیستم بیولوژی و مسمویت ها، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله(عج)، تهران، ایران ایران mehranmodaresi@gmail.com صادق کاظمی دوست دموچالی Sadegh Kazemi doust Demochali کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی پلیمر، گروه مهندسی پلیمر و فناوری رنگ، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران ایران s.kazemidoust@aut.ac.ir منصور فرزین فرد Mansour Farzinfard دکتری امنیت سایبری، مرکز تحقیقات آسیب‌های شیمیایی، انستیتو سیستم بیولوژی و مسمویت ها، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله(عج)، تهران، ایران ایران farzinfard@bmsu.ac.ir مرتضی باقری Morteza Bagheri کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی کامپیوتر، مرکز تحقیقات آسیب‌های شیمیایی، انستیتو سیستم بیولوژی و مسمویتها، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله(عج)، تهران، ایران ایران stu.bagheri@gmail.com حسن باقری Hasan Bagheri دکتری شیمی تجزیه، استاد مرکز تحقیقات آسیب‌های شیمیایی، انستیتو سیستم بیولوژی و مسمویتها، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله(عج)، تهران، ایران ایران h.bagheri82@gmail.com مسعود عرب فرد Masoud Arabfard دکتری بیوانفورماتیک، استادیار مرکز تحقیقات آسیب‌های شیمیایی، انستیتو سیستم بیولوژی و مسمویتها، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیه الله(عج)، تهران، ایران ایران arabfard@gmail.com System Design Database Management Review Research Medicine and Health طراحی سامانه مدیریت بانک اطلاعاتی پژوهش‌های مروری پزشکی و سلامت 1. Uman LS. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2011; 20(1): 57–9.##2. Malboosbaf R, Azizi F. What is systematic review and how we should write it?. Research in Medicine. 2010;34(3): 203-7. [In Persian]##3. Vaziri E, Feizabadi M. Scientometric study of the Iranian medical sciences sys-tematic reviews. Scientometrics Research Journal 2017;3(6):83-96. doi: 10.22070/RSCI.2017.511##4. Gopalakrishnan S, Ganeshkumar P. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis: understanding the best evidence in primary healthcare. J Family Med Prim Care 2013; 2(1): 9–14. doi: 10.4103/2249-4863.109934##5. Booth A, Sutton A, Clowes M, Martyn-St James M. Systematic approaches to a successful literature review. London: SAGE; 2022.##6. Marshall G. Writing... a literature review. Imaging & Therapy Practice. 2010.##7. Ketcham CM. Predicting impact factor one year in advance. Laboratory Investigation 2007;87(6):520-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.3700554##8. Gülpınar Ö, Güçlü AG. How to write a review article?. Turk J Urol 2013; 39(Suppl 1): 44–8. doi: 10.5152/tud.2013.054##9. Pautasso M. Ten simple rules for writing a literature review. PLoS Computational Biology 2013;9(7):e1003149. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003149##10. Baker JD. The purpose, process, and methods of writing a literature review. AORN Journal 2016;103(3):265-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2016.01.016##11. Goodall DL, Marples G, Roberts K. Approaches to producing credible and useful literature reviews. Cancer Nursing Practice 2013;12(3): 31-5. doi: 10.7748/cnp2013.04.12.3.31.e919##12. Egger M, Smith GD, Altman D. Systematic Reviews in Health Care: Meta-Analysis in Context. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2008.##13. IOM (Institute of Medicine). Morton S, Berg A, Levit L, Eden J. Finding what works in health care: standards for systematic reviews. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. doi: 10.17226/13059##14. Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 1st ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2019. doi:10.1002/9781119536604##15. Cooper CJ, Cooper SP, Del Junco DJ, Shipp EM, Whitworth R, Cooper SR. Web-based data collection: detailed methods of a questionnaire and data gathering tool. Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations 2006;3(1):1-1. 16. ##16. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews 2016;5(1):210. doi:10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4##17. Kohl C, McIntosh EJ, Unger S, Haddaway NR, Kecke S, Schiemann J, Wilhelm R. Online tools supporting the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and systematic maps: a case study on CADIMA and review of existing tools. Environmental Evidence 2018;7:1-7.## ##

اولویت‌بندی معیارهای خرید به روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره بهترین-بدترین خطی جهت تأمین بهینه ملزومات پزشکی Prioritization of Purchasing Criteria by Linear Best-Worst Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method for Optimal Provision of Medical Supplies 1 1 مقدمه: یکی از اصلی‌ترین چالش‌های نظام سلامت، بهبود کیفیت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی توأم با تعدیل هزینه‌ها می‌باشد. انتخاب صحیح و به‌کارگیری ابزار و تجهیزات مناسب علاوه بر تضمین کیفیت خدمات، صرفه اقتصادی نیز به‌همراه خواهد داشت. از آنجا که ملزومات پزشکی یکی از ارکان اساسی و پرهزینه در ارائه خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی است کارشناسی خرید آن به موضوعی مهم و پیچیده تبدیل شده است. هدف این پژوهش اولویت‌بندی معیارهای خرید ملزومات پزشکی می‌باشد. روش: این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و به روش توصیفی-پیمایشی است. در این مطالعه معیارهای گردآوری شده از مطالعات مرتبط و تکمیل شده با نظرات خبرگان، با روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره بهترین-بدترین خطی، برای چهار دسته از ملزومات و با استفاده از نرم‌افزارهای لینگو و اکسل اولویت‌بندی و وزن‌دهی شدند. نتایج: با وزن‌دهی به شانزده زیرمعیار کارشناسی خرید ملزومات پزشکی در قالب پنج دسته، میزان اهمیت هر معیار مشخص شد. طبق نتایج، دو زیرمعیار «کیفیت» و «قیمت»، مهمترین و «سابقه فروشنده» به عنوان کم‌اهمیت‌ترین شاخص در خرید ملزومات پزشکی شناخته شد. نتیجه‌گیری: استفاده از روش تصمیم‌گیری چندمعیاره بهترین-بدترین خطی، با سازگاری قطعی نتایج و قابلیت اطمینان بالا منجر به اولویت‌بندی و وزن‌دهی دقیق معیارهای کارشناسی خرید ملزومات پزشکی گردید. بهره‌گیری از نتایج این پژوهش و توجه به اهمیت هریک از  معیارها در خرید ملزومات مورد نیاز مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی، علاوه بر تضمین کیفیت و تداوم خدمات، کاهش چشمگیر هزینه‌های تأمین را نیز در پی خواهد داشت. 2 Introduction: One of the main challenges of the health system is improving the quality of healthcare services by adjusting the costs. The right choice of tools will bring economic savings besides excellent service quality. Since medical supplies are among the fundamental and costly elements in providing services, the expertise of purchasing has become an important and complex issue. This study aimed to prioritize criteria for purchasing medical supplies. Method: This research is an applied study conducted with a descriptive survey method. In this study, the criteria collected from related studies and completed with the opinion of experts were prioritized and weighted for four categories of medical supplies by the linear best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method using Lingo and Excel software. Results: By weighting sixteen sub-criteria of purchasing medical supplies in the form of five categories, the importance of each criterion was determined. According to the results, the two sub-criteria of "quality" and "price" were recognized as the most important and "seller's record" as the least important indicator in the purchase of medical supplies. Conclusion: Using the linear best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method with definite consistency of results and high reliability led to the prioritization and accurate weighting of criteria for purchasing supplies. Paying attention to the indicators in the purchase of medical supplies, in addition to guaranteeing the quality and continuity of services, will lead to a significant reduction in supply costs. 244 255 2022/11/252022/09/82023/01/172022/11/1 1401/8/10 2023/01/282022/12/212023/02/132023/01/23 1401/11/3 فاطمه قادری Fatemeh Ghaderi دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران fatemeh_ghaderi@srbiau.ac.ir علی رجب زاده قطری Ali Rajabzadeh Ghatari‌ دکترای مدیریت تولید و عملیات، استاد، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران، استاد مدعو، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران alirajabzadeh@modares.ac.ir رضا رادفر Reza Radfar دکترای مدیریت صنعتی، استاد، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ایران r.radfar@srbiau.ac.ir Health and Treatment Centers Medical Supplies Purchasing Expertise Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Best-Worst Method مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی ملزومات پزشکی کارشناسی خرید تصمیم گیری چندمعیاره روش بهترین-بدترین 1. Liu T, Shen A, Hu X, Tong G, Gu W, Yang S. SPD-based Logistics Management Model of Medical Consumables in Hospitals. Iran J Public Health 2016; 45(10): 1288–99. ##2. Ivlev I, Kneppo P & Barták M. Method for selecting expert groups and determining the importance of experts' judgments for the purpose of managerial decision-making tasks in health system. Ekonomie a Management 2015; 18(2):57-72. doi: 10.15240/tul/001/2015-2-005##3. Saleh N, Sharawi AA, Wahed MA, Balestra G. A Conceptual Priority Index for Purchasing Medical Equipment in Hospitals. Journal of Clinical Engineering 2015; 40(3): E1 -E6. doi: 10.1097/jce.0000000000000104##4. Ghaderi F, Moradhasel B. Resources and expenditures management in the field of medical supplies using K-means clustering algorithm: A case study. Journal of Health Administration 2021; 23(4) :51-60‎ doi:10.29252/jha.23.4.51 [In Persian]##5. Kohler JC, Wright T. The Urgent Need for Transparent and Accountable Procurement of Medicine and Medical Supplies in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pharm Policy Pract 2020;13:58. doi: 10.1186/s40545-020-00256-w.##6. Lari A, Hajinabi K, Komeili A, Riahi L. The Effective Factors in the Control Component of Purchase Management of Medical Consumables. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research 2019; 14(4):66-71. [In Persian]##7. Davis P. A Review of Procurement Practices in Ireland of Medical Devices. Technical Report; 2012. ##8. Baral MM, Chittipaka V, Mukherjee S, Rao P. Medicine Procurement in the Healthcare Sector: An Intelligent Supply Chain Perspective. Journal of Critical Reviews 2020; 7(7): 1812-28. doi: 10.31838/jcr.07.07.291##9. Khumpang P, Arunyanart S. Supplier selection for hospital medical equipment using fuzzy multicriteria decision making approach. 3rd International Conference on Chemistry and Energy Research; 2020 Oct 23-25; Shenzhen, China: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; 2019. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/639/1/012001##10. Yang C, Wang Y, Hu X, Chen Y, Qian L, Li F, et al. Improving Hospital Based Medical Procurement Decisions with Health Technology Assessment and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. Inquiry 2021;58:469580211022911. doi: 10.1177/00469580211022911.##11. Bahadori MK, Hosseini SM, Teymourzadeh E, Ravangard R, Raadabadi M, Alimohammadzadeh K. A supplier selection model for hospitals using a combination of artificial neural network and fuzzy VIKOR. International Journal of Healthcare Management 2020; 13(4): 286-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1404730##12. Tavana M, Nazari-Shirkouhi S, Farzaneh Kholghabad H. An integrated quality and resilience engineering framework in healthcare with Z-number data envelopment analysis. Health Care Manag Sci 2021; 24(4):768-85. doi: 10.1007/s10729-021-09550-8. ##13. Rezaei J. Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method: Some properties and a linear model. Omega, Elsevier 2016; 64: 126-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2015.12.001.##14. General Directorate of Equipment and Devices. Rules for reporting accidents and recalling medical equipment. 2nd ed [cited 2022 Sep 15]. Available from: http://imed.ir/ExtendedModules/Document/UI/DownloadFile.aspx?FileCode=c7f90238-79a8-4a21-933c-537f0e307711&fileid=198 [In Persian]##15. Saunders M, Lewis P, Thornhill A, Bristow A. Research Methods for Business Students. 8th ed. New York: Pearson Education; 2019. ##16. Pamucar D, Ecer F, Cirovic G, Alrasheedi MA. Application of Improved Best Worst Method (BWM) in Real-World Problems. Mathematics 2020; 8(8): 1342. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8081342##17. Shirazi H, Hashemzadeh G, Radfar R, Torabi T. Evaluating knowledge-based start-up companies’ technology commercialization performance using fuzzy best-worst method. Journal of Technology Development Management 2019; 7(2): 129-59. [In Persian] doi: 10.22104/jtdm.2019.3167.2096 ##18. Marttunen M, Belton V, Lienert J. Are objectives hierarchy related biases observed in practice? A meta-analysis of environmental and energy applications of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. European Journal of Operational Research 2018; 265(1): 178–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.02.038##19. Rajabi Kafshgar FZ, Arab A, Identification and Prioritization Barriers to Implementing Resistance Economy: Best Worst Method Multi-Criteria Expert Driven Approach. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Lettersis 2019; 9(3):27-44. [In Persian]## ##

شناسایی چالش‌های کاربران در استفاده از خدمات پلتفرم‌های سلامت الکترونیک Identifying the Challenges of Users in Using the Services of Electronic Health Platforms 1 1 مقدمه: در سال‌های اخیر، به ویژه با شیوع بیماری کووید-19 استفاده از خدمات سلامت الکترونیک به شدت افزایش یافته است. همزمان با رشد و توسعه استفاده از خدمات الکترونیک در میان کاربران، نگرانی در زمینه مسائل اخلاقی و قانونی افزایش می‌یابد. هدف مطالعه حاضر، بررسی وضعیت موجود ارائه سلامت الکترونیک توسط پلتفرم‌های فعال در این حوزه و شناسایی چالش‌ها و مشکلات کاربران در استفاده از این خدمات، جهت دستیابی به وضعیت مطلوب است. روش: مطالعه حاضر یک مطالعه کیفی به روش تحلیل محتوا است. ابتدا نظرات کاربران در اپلیکیشن بازار و مایکت جمع‌آوری شده، سپس با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، 300 مورد از نظرات حاوی مشکلات کاربران انتخاب و با استفاده از روش تحلیل 6 مرحله‌ای گرانهیم و لاندمن تجزیه و تحلیل شد. تحلیل نظرات با نرم‌افزار MAXQDA انجام شده است. نتایج: مهم‌ترین مشکلات کاربران در استفاده از خدمات سلامت الکترونیک، در دو دسته اصلی مسائل مربوط به مراقبت و مسائل مربوط به بستر ارائه دهنده خدمات و در 6 زیرطبقه شامل روابط پزشک-بیمار، استاندارد مراقبت، کیفیت پلتفرم، ثبت نظر کاربران، مسئولیت‌پذیری، تعرفه خدمات طبقه‌بندی شده است. در میان نظرات کاربران بیشترین نارضایتی مربوط به شاخه مسئولیت‌پذیری و پاسخگویی پلتفرم (به ویژه مسئله عدم دریافت خدمات علی‌رغم پرداخت هزینه، پشتیبانی ضعیف و عدم بازگشت وجه) بوده و پس از آن مسائل مربوط به استاندارد مراقبت قرار داشت. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تحلیل حاضر می‌تواند به سیاستگذاران جهت قانونگذاری و نظم دهی مناسب و به مدیران کسب‌وکارها جهت رفع مشکلات شناسایی شده و افزایش اعتماد و رضایت کاربران کمک نماید. 2 Introduction: In recent years, especially with the spread of the COVID-19 disease, the use of electronic health services has increased greatly. Along with the growth and development of the use of electronic services among users, the concern about ethical and legal issues increases. The purpose of this article was to review the current state of electronic health provision by active platforms in this field and to identify the challenges and problems of users in using these services to achieve the desired state. Method: This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method. User comments were collected in Bazaar and Myket mobile applications. Then, using the purposeful sampling method, 300 selected comments containing users' difficulties were analyzed by qualitative content analysis method based on the six steps proposed by Graneheim & Lundman using MAXQDA software. Results: The most important problems reported by users of e-health services fall into two main categories: issues related to care and issues related to the service provider's platform; these difficulties are classified into six subcategories, including doctor-patient relationships, the standard of care, platform quality, user feedback, responsibility, and service tariff. Among the user comments, the most dissatisfaction was associated with the subcategory of the platform's responsibility and accountability (especially the issue of not receiving services despite paying, poor support, and no refunds), followed by issues related to the standard of care. Conclusion: The results of the present analysis can help policymakers with appropriate legislation and regulation and help business managers with solving identified problems. It also increases user satisfaction and trust. 256 266 2022/11/252022/09/82023/01/172022/11/12022/12/5 1401/9/14 2023/01/282022/12/212023/02/132023/01/232023/01/24 1401/11/4 نفیسه صالح نیا Nafiseh Salehnia دکتری اقتصاد سلامت، گروه مطالعات اخلاقی، پژوهشگاه فضای مجازی، تهران، ایران ایران N.salehnia@modares.ac.ir فاطمه صالح نیا Fatemeh Salehnia کارشناس ارشد هوش مصنوعی، گروه مطالعات اخلاقی، پژوهشگاه فضای مجازی، تهران، ایران ایران f.salehnia@gmail.com e-Health Telemedicine User Content Analysis سلامت الکترونیک پزشکی از راه دور کاربر تحلیل محتوا 1. Duquenoy P, Mekawie NM, Springett M. Patients, trust and ethics in information privacy in eHealth. Ehealth: legal, ethical and governance challenges 2013:275-95. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22474-4##2. Newton MJ. The promise of telemedicine. Survey of Ophthalmology 2014;59(5):559-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.02.003##3. Martí-Bonmatí L, Morales A, Bach LD. Toward the appropriate use of teleradiology. Radiología (English Edition) 2012;54(2):115-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rxeng.2012.06.003##4. Kluge EH. Ethical and legal challenges for health telematics in a global world: telehealth and the technological imperative. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2011;80(2):e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2010.10.002##5. Chiang KF, Wang HH, Chien IK, Liou JK, Hung CL, Huang CM, Yang FY. Healthcare providers’ perceptions of barriers in implementing of home telecare in Taiwan: A qualitative study. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2015;84(4):277-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.01.007##6. Kotsopoulou A, Melis A, Koutsompou VI, Karasarlidou C. E-therapy: The ethics behind the process. Procedia Computer Science 2015;65:492-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.120##7. Comer JS, Furr JM, Cooper-Vince C, Madigan RJ, Chow C, Chan PT, Idrobo F, Chase RM, McNeil CB, Eyberg SM. Rationale and considerations for the internet-based delivery of parent–child interaction therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2015;22(3):302-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.07.003##8. Ricci G, Pirillo I, Amenta F. Ethical challenges to medical assistance at sea. Marine Policy 2017;81:247-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.007##9. Balestra M. Telehealth and legal implications for nurse practitioners. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners 2018;14(1):33-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2017.10.003##10. Schlachta-Fairchild L, Varghese SB, Deickman A, Castelli D. Telehealth and telenursing are live: APN policy and practice implications. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners 2010;6(2):98-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2009.10.019##11. Nittari G, Khuman R, Baldoni S, Pallotta G, Battineni G, Sirignano A, et al. Telemedicine practice: review of the current ethical and legal challenges. Telemedicine and e-Health 2020;26(12):1427-37. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0158##12. Dyer KA. Ethical challenges of medicine and health on the Internet: a review. J Med Internet Res 2001;3(2):e23 doi: 10.2196/jmir.3.2.e23##13. Ghayoom Zadeh MR, Rashidian E, Letafat Nejad M. Identifying the Challenges of Establishing an Integrated Health System (SIB) and its Implementation from the Perspective of Field and Residential User Staff at Tehran University of Medical Sciences One Year After Running (2017): A Qualitative Study. Hakim 2020; 23 (1):46-62. [In Persian]##14. Iman MT, Noushadi MR. Qualitative content analysis. Pazhuhesh 2012; 3(2):15-44. [In Persian]##15. Graneheim UH, Lundman B. Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today 2004;24(2):105-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001##16. Hooman HA. Practical Guide to Qualitative Research. Tehran: Samt; 2006. [In Persian].##17. Legido-Quigley H, Doering N, McKee M. Challenges facing teleradiology services across borders in the European union: A qualitative study. Health Policy and Technology 2014;3(3):160-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2014.04.001##18. Chiang KF, Wang HH, Chien IK, Liou JK, Hung CL, Huang CM, et al. Healthcare providers’ perceptions of barriers in implementing of home telecare in Taiwan: A qualitative study. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2015;84(4):277-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.01.007##19. Stowe S, Harding S. Telecare, telehealth and telemedicine. European Geriatric Medicine 2010;1(3):193-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2010.04.002##20. Kramer GM, Kinn JT, Mishkind MC. Legal, regulatory, and risk management issues in the use of technology to deliver mental health care. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2015;22(3):258-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.04.008##21. Kahn EN, La Marca F, Mazzola CA. Neurosurgery and telemedicine in the United States: assessment of the risks and opportunities. World Neurosurgery 2016;89:133-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.075##22. Kotsopoulou A, Melis A, Koutsompou VI, Karasarlidou C. E-therapy: The ethics behind the process. Procedia Computer Science 2015;65:492-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.120##23. Kamsu-Foguem B, Foguem C. Telemedicine and mobile health with integrative medicine in developing countries. Health Policy and Technology 2014;3(4):264-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2014.08.008##24. Parimbelli E, Bottalico B, Losiouk E, Tomasi M, Santosuosso A, Lanzola G, et al. Trusting telemedicine: a discussion on risks, safety, legal implications and liability of involved stakeholders. International Journal of Medical Informatics 2018;112:90-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.01.012##25. Martí-Bonmatí L, Morales A, Bach LD. Toward the appropriate use of teleradiology. Radiología (English Edition) 2012;54(2):115-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rxeng.2012.06.003## ##

ارائه مدل خدمات بیمارستان هوشمند مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیاء Introducing a Service Model in IoT-based Smart Hospital 1 1 مقدمه: امروزه دنیای فناوری با پدیده ای رو به رشد با عنوان اینترنت اشیاء مواجه است؛ هدف از این مطالعه فراهم ساختن نیازمندی‌ها، مدل خدمات و مدل مفهومی زیرساخت بیمارستان هوشمند مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیاء است که با توجه به یکپارچه‌سازی مبادلات بین اشیاء، روشی امن و قابل اطمینان می‌باشد. روش: این مطالعه از نوع راهبردی-کاربردی، و به منظور تبیین نیازمندی‌های زیرساخت بیمارستان هوشمند مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیاء می‌باشد. ابتدا از طریق مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای نیازمندی‌های اولیه تهیه شد و با تنظیم پرسشنامه برای کادر درمان، متخصصین انفورماتیک پزشکی، فناوری اطلاعات و فناوری اطلاعات سلامت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی نهایی‌سازی شد. سپس براساس نیازمندی‌های استخراج شده، مدل خدمات بیمارستان هوشمند ارائه گردید و در نهایت مدل مفهومی زیرساخت بیمارستان هوشمند مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیاء پیشنهاد شد. نتایج: تعداد 30 نیازمندی عملکردی و غیرعملکردی برای زیرساخت بیمارستان هوشمند مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیاء نهایی گردید. پس از آن مدل پیشنهادی بر روی خدمات بیمارستانی شامل سه بخش خدمات زیرساخت، اصلی و ارزش افزوده ارائه شد، همچنین مدل مفهومی که زیست‌بوم سلامت در کشور را دربرمی‌گیرد و شامل سطوح زیرساخت ارتباطات و اطلاعات، سامانه‌های دیجیتالی-خدماتی، هوشمندی‌ خدماتی و نظام سلامت پیشنهاد شد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به ضرورت فاکتورهایی همچون دقت، سرعت و اطمینان در حوزه مراقبت سلامت، توافق بر نیازمندی‌ها، مدل خدمات و مدل مفهومی کمک شایانی به طراحی و پیاده‌سازی بیمارستان هوشمند مبتنی بر اینترنت اشیاء خواهد کرد و آن را دقیق‌تر و ساده‌تر به انجام خواهد رساند. 2 Introduction: Nowadays, the world of technology is facing a growing phenomenon called the Internet of Things (IoT). The purpose of this study is to provide the infrastructure requirements, service model, and conceptual model for a smart hospital based on IoT, which is a safe and reliable method due to the integration of exchanges between objects. Method: In this strategic applied study, the infrastructure requirements of a smart hospital based on IoT are explained explains. First, basic requirements were prepared through library studies and, by setting up a questionnaire for medical staff and specialists in medical informatics, information technology, and health information technology, they were evaluated and then finalized using the Delphi technique. Then, based on extracted requirements, the service model of a smart hospital was presented. Finally, the conceptual model of IoT-based smart hospital infrastructure was suggested. Results: Thirty functional and non-functional requirements for IoT-based smart hospital infrastructure were determined. After that, the proposed model of services that can be provided in the hospital, including infrastructure, core and value-added services, was presented. Then, a conceptual model that includes the health ecosystem of the country, consisting of the levels of communication and information infrastructure, digital service systems, and the health system was provided. Conclusion: Agreement on the requirements, service and conceptual model, will help to design and implement the IoT-based smart hospital and make it more accurate and simple, according to factors affecting such as precision, speed and reliability in healthcare. 267 276 2022/11/252022/09/82023/01/172022/11/12022/12/52022/11/23 1401/9/2 2023/01/282022/12/212023/02/132023/01/232023/01/242023/02/7 1401/11/18 فاطمه یادگاری Fatemeh Yadegari کارشناسی ارشد انفورماتیک پزشکی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ایران f_yadegari@modares.ac.ir عباس آسوشه Abbas Asosheh دکترای مهندسی کامپیوتر و مخابرات(انتقال صوت)، استادیار، گروه انفورماتیک پزشکی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران ایران Asosheh@modares.ac.ir Smart Hospital Healthcare-Internet of Things (H-IoT) Infrastructure Requirements Integration بیمارستان هوشمند اینترنت اشیاء مراقبت سلامت نیازمندی‌ها زیرساخت یکپارچگی 1. Qadri YA, Nauman A, Zikria YB, Vasilakos AV, Kim SW. 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شناسایی برنامه‌های کامپیوتری بازتوانی شناختی مؤثر در ارتقاء توجه در کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال بیش فعالی- نقص توجه Identification of Effective Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation Programs in Improving Attention in the Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 1 1 مقدمه: برنامه‌های کامپیوتری توانمندسازی مغزی با اجرای منظم، فشرده و مستمر تمرینات شناختی، سبب بهبود کارکردهای شناختی همچون توجه در اختلال بیش فعالی-نقص توجه می‌گردد. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی برنامه‌های کامپیوتری مؤثر در بهبود توجه در کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال بیش فعالی و نقص توجه می‌باشد. روش: این مطالعه به صورت مروری- توصیفی در سال 2018 و از طریق مرور کتابخانه‌ای و جستجوی کلیدواژه‌های «اختلال بیش فعالی و نقص  توجه»،  «برنامه‌های  بازتوانی شناختی کامیپوتری»، «بازی درمانی»، در بانک‌های  اطلاعاتی PubMed،, Scopus  Google Scholar انجام گرفته است. نتایج حاصل از بررسی متون از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند بررسی و براساس حیطه‌های توجه در کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به بیش فعالی و نقص توجه، طبقه‌بندی شدند. نتایج: براساس مطالعات، برنامه‌های شناختی کامپیوتری همچون Caption Log، Pay Attention، Cogmed Working Memory، Memory GYM، Attention GYM، Brainware Safari،8  Sciences ’ACTIVATET، Lumosity، My Happy Neuron، Smart Driver، و بسته‌ای توانبخشی همچون "مغزینه توجه و تمرکز" در ارتقاء انواع توجه (متمرکز، تقسیم شده، متناوب، مستمر و انتخابی) کودکان بیش فعال چهار سال به بالا، مؤثر بودند. نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه به تأثیر قابل ملاحظه برنامه‌های بازتوانی شناختی کامپیوتری در توانمندسازی مهارت‌های شناختی همچون توجه، استفاده از آن‌ها به‌عنوان درمان مکمل در ارتقاء کیفیت زندگی کودکان و نوجوانان مبتلا به اختلال بیش فعالی- نقص توجه، امیدوارکننده است. اما، ارزیابی این‌گونه برنامه‌ها با نمونه‌های بزرگ‌تر، انتقال ارزیابی از اثرات آموزشی به زندگی روزانه و بهبود کیفیت آن‌ها از طریق ارائه مؤلفه‌های بیشتری از این گونه برنامه‌ها پیشنهاد می‌شود. 2 Introduction: Computerized programs for brain empowerment with regular, intensive, and continuous cognitive exercises improve cognitive functions such as attention in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. This review study aimed to identify effective computerized programs for improving attention in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: This descriptive narrative review was done in 2018 through library review and searching keywords including "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder", "computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs", and "play therapy" in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The results of this review were investigated through the semi-structured interview and classified based on the attention areas of children and adolescents with ADHD. Results: Based on the review, Caption Log, Pay Attention, Cogmed Working Memory, Memory GYM, Attention GYM, Brainware Safari, 8 Sciences' ACTIVATET, Lumosity, My Happy Neuron, Smart Driver, and educational packages such as Maghzine were effective programs to improve different types of attention (focused, divided, intermittent, continuous, and selective) in the ADHD children aged four years old and older. Conclusion: Considering the significant effects of computerized cognitive rehabilitation programs in empowering cognitive skills such as attention, their use as a complementary treatment in improving the quality of life of children and adolescents with ADHD is promising. However, it is suggested to evaluate such programs with larger samples, transfer their educational effects to daily life, and improve their quality by providing more components of such programs. 277 288 2022/11/252022/09/82023/01/172022/11/12022/12/52022/11/232022/11/13 1401/8/22 2023/01/282022/12/212023/02/132023/01/232023/01/242023/02/72023/01/28 1401/11/8 آزاده بشیری Azadeh Bashiri دکترای مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت، استادیار، گروه مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت، دانشکده مدیریت و اطلاع رسانی پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات منابع انسانی سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز، شیراز، ایران ایران bashiri.azadeh@gmail.com لیلا شاهمرادی Leila Shahmoradi دکترای مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت، استاد، گروه مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت و انفورماتیک پزشکی، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران Lshahmoradi20@gmail.com بهروز علیزاده سواره Behrouz Alizadeh Savareh دکتری انفورماتیک پزشکی، مدیر تحقیق و توسعه، بخش هوش مصنوعی، شرکت ناپتک، تهران، ایران ایران alizade.behruz@gmail.com مرجان قاضی سعیدی Marjan Ghazisaeedi دکترای مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت، استاد، گروه مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت و انفورماتیک پزشکی، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران ghazimar@tums.ac.ir Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Computerized Cognitive Rehabilitation Game Therapy بیش فعالی نقص توجه بازتوانی شناختی کامپیوتری بازی درمانی 1. 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بررسی کاربرد واقعیت مجازی در بیمارستان‌ها: مروری سیستماتیک Application of Virtual Reality in Hospitals: A Systematic Review 1 1 مقدمه: به علت گسترش روزافزون استفاده از فناوری واقعیت مجازی در حوزه مراقبت بهداشتی، مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی سیستماتیک کاربرد واقعیت مجازی در بیمارستان‌ها انجام شده است. روش: به منظور دسترسی به مقالات مرتبط، کلیدواژه‌های " "Virtual Reality، "Hospital" و مترادفات آن‌ها در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتیWeb of science ، PubMed و Scopus و موتورجستجوگر Google Scholar بدون محدودیت زمانی تا تاریخ 15 اوت  2022 مورد جستجو قرار گرفتند. مقالات اصیل منتشر شده به زبان انگلیسی که به «کاربرد واقعیت مجازی در بیمارستان» پرداخته بودند، به مطالعه وارد شدند و ویژگی‌های آن‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج: یازده مقاله به مطالعه حاضر وارد شدند. در این مطالعات کاربردهای متنوعی برای واقعیت مجازی در محیط بیمارستان گزارش شده است. بیشترین کاربرد واقعیت مجازی در بیمارستان‌ها مدیریت علائم رفتاری، ایجاد آرامش و القای احساسات مثبت در بیماران و کادر درمان، توان‌بخشی در زمینه‌های جسمی، روانی و عاطفی برای بیماران، ارائه آموزش به ارائه‌دهندگان مراقبت در بخش‌های مختلف بیمارستان، حضور مجازی در خانه برای کودکان و نوجوانان بستری در بیمارستان و به عنوان مکمل رویه‌ای برای زندگی کودکان و همچنین جایگزین تطبیقی برای تجربیات در محیط واقعی برای دستیاران می‌باشد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به تأثیر مثبت استفاده از واقعیت مجازی در بیمارستان، پیشنهاد می‏شود تکنولوژی واقعیت مجازی به عنوان یک ابزار کمکی در جهت بهبود آموزش، درمان و پیشگیری در حوزه مراقبت‏های بهداشتی به کار گرفته شود. 2 Introduction: Due to the increasing use of virtual reality (VR) technology in the healthcare field, the present study was conducted to systematically investigate the use of VR in hospitals. Method: To access related articles, the keywords "Virtual Reality" and "Hospital" and their synonyms were searched in databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar without a time limit until August 15, 2022. The original articles that were published in English and dealt with "the application of virtual reality in the hospital" were included in the study, and their characteristics were analyzed. Results: Eleven articles were included in the present study, in which various applications for VR in the hospital environment have been reported. The most common uses of VR in hospitals are as follows: managing behavioral symptoms, creating relaxation and inducing positive emotions in patients, providing treatment and physical, mental, and emotional rehabilitation in patients, providing training for care providers in different hospital departments, virtual presence at home for hospitalized children and teenagers; VR can also work as a supplement to the procedure for the children's lives and an adaptive substitute for experiences in the real environment for the medical residents.. Conclusion: Considering the positive impact of using VR in hospitals, using this technology as an auxiliary tool to improve education, treatment, and prevention in the healthcare system is suggested. 289 303 2022/11/252022/09/82023/01/172022/11/12022/12/52022/11/232022/11/132022/12/25 1401/10/4 2023/01/282022/12/212023/02/132023/01/232023/01/242023/02/72023/01/282023/01/28 1401/11/8 فاطمه عامری Fatemeh Ameri دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد فناوری اطلاعات سلامت، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، گروه فناوری اطلاعات سلامت، دانشکده علوم پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران ایران AmeriF4012@mums.ac.ir فاطمه حق پرست Fatemeh Haghparast دانشجوی کارشناسی پرستاری، گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران ایران fatemehaghparast.80@gmail.com زهرا آخوندی Zahra Akhondi کارشناس پرستاری، گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران ایران Zahra.akhondi89@gmail.com سیده زهرا میردوستی دوزین Seyedeh Zahra Mirdoosti Dozein دانشجوی کارشناسی اتاق عمل، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، گروه اتاق عمل، دانشکده پیراپزشکی و بهداشت فردوس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران ایران seyedehzahramirdoosti80@gmail.com زهره جوانمرد Zohreh Javanmard دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت، گروه مدیریت اطلاعات سلامت، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران ایران zohreh.javanmard44@gmail.com Virtual Reality Hospital Systematic review واقعیت مجازی بیمارستان مرور سیستماتیک 1. 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توسعه مدل بومی ارزیابی کاربردپذیری سیستمهای اطلاعات سلامت منطبق با تکنیک ارزیابی اکتشافی Developing a Native Model for Evaluating the Usability of Health Information Systems Through Heuristic Evaluation Technique 1 1 مقدمه: کاربردپذیری، معیاری کیفی برای ارزیابی سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی می‌باشد که از طریق ارزیابی رابط-کاربری قابل سنجش می‌باشد. مشکلات رابط-کاربری می‌تواند باعث افزایش خطای کاربران، کاهش رضایت آنان، کاهش کارایی و عدم پذیرش سیستم های اطلاعاتی شود. از این‌رو سازمان بین‌المللی استاندارد، ارزیابی کاربردپذیری را برای پذیرش و پیاده‌سازی سیستم های اطلاعاتی توصیه می‌کند؛ لذا این مطالعه با هدف طراحی مدل بومی ارزیابی کاربردپذیری سیستم های اطلاعات سلامت منطبق با ارزیابی اکتشافی انجام گرفته است. روش: این مطالعه کیفی چند مرحله‌ای در سال 1399 انجام شد. جستجو در پایگاه‌های ScienceDirect، PubMed، Web of Science، Scopus، Civilica و Magiran انجام گردید. پس از احراز معیارهای ورود، مقالات نمره‌دهی شدند. سپس، مدل اولیه با استخراج داده‌ها از منابع کتابخانه‌ای ایجاد و با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی اعتبار‌سنجی شد و سرانجام مدل نهایی ارائه گردید. نتایج: مدل بومی با استفاده از سیزده اصل توسعه داده شد: 1) شفافیت سیستم، 2) تطابق بین سیستم و دنیای واقعی، 3) کنترل و آزادی کاربر، 4) همسانی و استانداردها، 5) کمک به کاربران در شناسایی، تشخیص و اصلاح خطا، 6) پیشگیری از خطا، 7) شناخت به‌جای یادآوری، 8) طراحی انعطاف‌پذیر، 9) طراحی زیبا، 10) راهنمایی و مستند‌سازی، 11) مهارت، 12) تعامل قابل احترام و محترمانه با کاربر، و 13) حفظ حریم خصوصی. نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که بـومی‌سـازی ارزیابی کاربردپذیری سیستم های اطلاعات سلامت منطبق با ارزیابی اکتشافی و بر اساس منابع اطلاعاتی معتبر، رویکردی هوشـمندانه اسـت چراکـه نـه تنهـا موجـب جلوگیری از فرآیندهای تکراری  می‌گــردد بلکــه با بهره‌گیری از بهتـــرین و به روزترین منابع، ارائـه بــا کیفیـــت‌تـــرین ارزیابی را ممکن می‌سازد. 2 Introduction: A quality criterion for evaluating information systems (ISs) is their usability, which can be determined by examining the user interface. User interface issues may generate user errors, dissatisfaction, and inefficiency, making IS adoption difficult. Therefore, the International Standard Organization recommends usability testing to evaluate IS acceptability and deployment. So, this study aimed to develop a native model for the usability testing of hospital information systems (HISs) via heuristic evaluation (HE). Method: This multi-staged qualitative study was conducted in 2020; ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Civilica, and Magiran databases were searched. After meeting the inclusion criteria, the articles were scored. Then, the initial model was created in the following stage by extracting data from library sources and validated using the Delphi technique, and consequently, the final model was presented. Results: : The native model was developed using thirteen principles: 1) visibility of system status, 2) the match between the system and the real world, 3) users’ control and freedom, 4) consistency and standards, 5) error prevention, 6) recognition rather than recall, 7) flexibility and efficiency of use, 8) aesthetic and minimalist design, 9) helping users recognize, diagnose, and recover errors, 10) documentation and help, 11) skill , 12) pleasurable, respectful interaction with users, and 13) privacy protection. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that localizing the usability evaluation of HISs based on trustworthy sources and HE is a wise strategy, because not only it avoids repetitive processes, but also it uses the best up-to-date resources to enable the presentation of the highest evaluation quality. 304 324 2022/11/252022/09/82023/01/172022/11/12022/12/52022/11/232022/11/132022/12/252023/02/7 1401/11/18 2023/01/282022/12/212023/02/132023/01/232023/01/242023/02/72023/01/282023/01/282023/03/13 1401/12/22 لیلا کبوتری زاده Leila Kaboutarizadeh دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد انفورماتیک پزشکی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران lkaboutari@gmail.com مرضیه کردی Marzieh Kordi دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد انفورماتیک پزشکی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران kordimarzieh@yahoo.com زهرا کوهمره Zahra Koohmare دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد انفورماتیک پزشکی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران koohmarezahra@gmail.com سید محسن حسینی Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد انفورماتیک پزشکی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز، اهواز، ایران ایران mohsen77749@gmail.com امیرعباس عزیزی Amirabbas Azizi دکترای انفورماتیک پزشکی، استادیار، گروه فناوری اطلاعات سلامت، دانشکده پیراپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی شاپور اهواز‌، اهواز، ایران ایران amirabbas.azizi@gmail.com Health information systems Heuristic evaluation Usability سیستم اطلاعات سلامت ارزیابی اکتشافی کاربردپذیری 1. Atashi A, Khajouei R, Azizi A, Dadashi A. User Interface Problems of a Nationwide Inpatient Information System: A Heuristic Evaluation. Appl Clin Inform 2016;7(1):89-100. doi: 10.4338/ACI-2015-07-RA-0086.##2. Farzandipour M, Nabovati E, Zaeimi GH, Khajouei R. Usability Evaluation of Three Admission and Medical Records Subsystems Integrated into Nationwide Hospital Information Systems: Heuristic Evaluation. Acta Inform Med 2018;26(2):133-8. doi: 10.5455/aim.2018.26.133-138.##3. Khajouei R, Zahiri Esfahani M, Jahani Y. Comparison of heuristic and cognitive walk through usability evaluation methods for evaluating health information systems. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2017;24(e1):e55-e60. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocw100. ##4. Bouraghi H, Rezayi S, Amirazodi S, Nabovati E, Saeedi S. Evaluating the usability of a national health information system with heuristic method. J Educ Health Promot 2022;11:182. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_349_21.##5. Ahmadian L, Nejad SS, Khajouei R. Evaluation methods used on health information systems (HISs) in Iran and the effects of HISs on Iranian healthcare: a systematic review. Int J Med Inform 2015;84(6):444-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.02.002.##6. Bagherian H, Sattari M. Health Information System in Developing Countries: A Review on the Challenges and Causes of Success and Failure. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2022; 36: 111. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.36.111##7. Nabovati E, Vakili-Arki H, Eslami S, Khajouei R. Usability evaluation of Laboratory and Radiology Information Systems integrated into a hospital information system. J Med Syst 2014;38(4):35. doi: 10.1007/s10916-014-0035-z.##8. Khajouei R, Farahani F. A combination of two methods for evaluating the usability of a hospital information system. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020;20(1):84. doi: 10.1186/s12911-020-1083-6. ##9. Farzandipour M, Nabovati E, Sadeqi Jabali M. Comparison of usability evaluation methods for a health information system: heuristic evaluation versus cognitive walkthrough method. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2022;22(1):1-11.##10. Dowding D, Merrill JA. The Development of Heuristics for Evaluation of Dashboard Visualizations. Appl Clin Inform 2018;9(3):511-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1666842##11. Cho H, Keenan G, Madandola OO, Dos Santos FC, Macieira TGR, Bjarnadottir RI, et al. Assessing the Usability of a Clinical Decision Support System: Heuristic Evaluation. JMIR Hum Factors 2022;9(2):e31758. doi: 10.2196/31758.##12. Harrington L, Parker C, Ulanday K, Harrington C. Heuristic Evaluation of a Top-Rated Diabetes Self-Management App. Appl Clin Inform 2021;12(5):1014-20. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1736628.##13. Khajouei R, Hajesmaeel Gohari S, Mirzaee M. Comparison of two heuristic evaluation methods for evaluating the usability of health information systems. J Biomed Inform 2018;80:37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2018.02.016.##14. Azizi A, Aboutorabi R, Mazloum-Khorasani Z, Hoseini B, Tara M. Diabetic Personal Health Record: A Systematic Review Article. Iran J Public Health 2016;45(11):1388-98.##15. Khajouei R, Azizi A, Atashi A. Usability Evaluation of an Emergency Information System: A Heuristic Evaluation. Journal of Health Administration 2013;16(52):61-72. [In Persian]##16. Abedi S, Khajouei R. Evaluating the Users' Interaction Problems with Physiotherapy Information System. Hospital 2015;14(3):83-92. [In Persian]##17. Yáñez Gómez R, Cascado Caballero D, Sevillano JL. Heuristic evaluation on mobile interfaces: a new checklist. ScientificWorldJournal 2014;2014:434326. doi: 10.1155/2014/434326.##18. Azizi A, Maniati M, Ghanbari-Adivi H, Aghajari Z, Hashemi S, Hajipoor B, et al. Usability evaluation of hospital information system according to heuristic evaluation. Front Health Inform. 2021;10(1):69. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v10i1.## ##